Hello,
sorry for the late reply.
Metadata: You are right. When the XML is embedded into the PDF given with -pdfaFile, PDF24 replaces the document information of that PDF and does not keep Title, Author and Subject. This is a bug, we have passed it on to development. There is no option to keep them at the moment.
File size: "Optimize for web" only rearranges the file so that it can be displayed page by page while it is still loading. It does not make the file smaller. The size of the invoice PDF is mainly determined when it is created with your printer profile liw_pdf24, because -createInvoice embeds the XML into this file without compressing it again. In the profile you can lower the settings for images (resolution and quality under the image compression settings), which usually has the biggest effect. For PDF/A the fonts have to be embedded; "Subset fonts" keeps them small by embedding only the characters that are used.
If the files are still too large, please send us an example (the PDF from the printer and the final Factur-X file) to forum@pdf24.org and tell us the size, then we can look at what takes up the space.